1. Original Sin
-God imposed a decree on man
-Original sin exists
-It was not due to a tendency of nature or temptation, but due to the influence of the devil
-The devil seduced Eve with cunning
-The man broke the divine precept
-Immediately the disorder of sin occurred in the harmony of creation
-God handed down the condemnatory sentence and prophesied that victory would be his
-Adam and Eve sinned mortally
-His sin was very serious
-It was pride, curiosity, gluttony, disobedience and excuse
-They lost their holiness, which had its consequences for all men
-They were forgiven
-God imposed a decree on man.
And God imposed this commandment on man: “You can eat from any tree in the garden, but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you will not eat, because in the day you eat from it, you will surely die” (Gen. 2, 16-17).
-Original sin exists.
Look, I was born in guilt,
my mother conceived me as a sinner (Ps. 50, 7).
Because of the woman was the beginning of sin, and because of her we all died (Si. 25, 24).
Therefore, as through one man sin entered the world and through sin death, and thus death reached all men, because all sinned… (Rom. 5, 12).
If for the crime of only one all died… (Rom. 5, 15).
In fact, if through one man’s crime only death reigned… (Rom. 5, 17).
In fact, just as by the disobedience of one man all were made sinners, so also by the obedience of one man all will be made righteous (Rom. 5, 19).
…thus, the same as sin reigned in death… (Rom. 5, 21).
-The sin of Adam and Eve was not due to tendency or temptation of the lower nature still lacking in concupiscence, but due to an external influence of the devil represented in the serpent.
(The serpent) said to the woman: “How is it that God has said to you: do not eat from any of the trees in the garden?”The woman answered the snake: “We can eat the fruit of the trees in the garden. But of the fruit of the tree that is in the middle of the garden, God has said. Do not eat of it, nor touch it, under penalty of death. The serpent replied to the woman: «You will by no means die. God knows very well that on the day you eat of it, your eyes will be opened and you will be like gods, knowing good and evil” (Gen. 3, 1-5).
-The devil seduced Eve with his cunning.
The serpent was the most cunning of all the animals of the field that Yahweh God had made. And he said to the woman, “How is it that God has said to you, ‘Do not eat from any of the garden trees?'”(Gen. 3, 1).
…but through the envy of the devil death entered the world, and those who belong to him experience it (Wisdom 2, 24).
But I fear that, just as the serpent deceived Eve with his cunning, your minds may be diverted from sincerity (2 Cor. 11:3).
-Man rebelled against God, voluntarily breaking the precept that had been imposed on him and, consequently, man was subject to all kinds of physical and moral suffering.
To the woman he said: «I will make your labors as great as your pregnancy: with labor you will give birth to children. Your desire will go to your husband, and he will dominate you. To the man he said: “Because you have listened to your wife’s voice and eaten from the tree from which I had forbidden you to eat, cursed be the ground because of you: with toil you will draw food from it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the grass of the field. With the sweat of your face you will eat bread, until you return to the ground, for from it you were taken…” (Gen. 3, 16-19).
Clarification. The sentence affects the guilty in their essential activities, the woman as mother and wife, the man as a worker.
-Immediately after the sin of Adam and Eve there was the first manifestation of the disorder produced by sin in the harmony of creation.
And when the woman found that the tree was good for food, appetizing to the eye and excellent for gaining wisdom, she took some of its fruit and ate, and also gave it to her husband, who also ate. Then both of their eyes were opened, and they realized that they were naked and sewing fig leaves they made themselves some girdles (Gen. 3, 6-7).
-God passed the condemnatory sentence against the first transgressors and prophesied to them that victory would be theirs and not the tempter’s.
Then Yahweh said to the serpent:
«For having done this, curse you among all the beasts and among all the animals of the field. You will walk on your belly, and you will eat dust all the days of your life. I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring: he will tread on your head while you lie in wait for his heel” (Gen. 3, 14-15).
He said to the woman:
«I will make your labors as great as your pregnancies: with work you will give birth to children. Your desire was toward your husband, and he will dominate you” (Gen. 3, 16).
To the man he said:
«Because you listened to your wife’s voice and ate from the tree from which I had forbidden you to eat, cursed be the ground because of you: with toil you will draw food from it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the grass of the field. With the sweat of your face you will eat bread, until you return to the ground, for from it you were taken. For you are dust and to dust you will return” (Gen. 3, 17-19).
Clarification.«He will step on your head» indicates the first glimpse of salvation, and the victory of the Redeemer over satan.
-Adam and Eve, disobeying the divine precept, sinned mortally.
«…but you shall not eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for in the day that you eat of it, you will surely die» (Gen. 2, 17).
Clarification. The seriousness of the sin is derived from the seriousness of the penalty, “you will die without remedy».
-The sin of Adam and Eve was very serious.
It is clearly deduced from the following texts:
a) -Of the solemn promulgation of the mandate.
And God imposed this commandment on man: «You may eat from any tree in the garden, but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat,… (Gen. 2, 16-17).
b) -Of the severity of the promised punishment.
…because the day you eat of it, you will die without remedy (Gen. 2, 17).
c) – Of the corruption of humanity, as a consequence of sin.
Seeing that Yahweh saw that the evil of man spread on the earth, and that all the thoughts that his heart devised were pure evil continually, Yahweh was sorry for having made man on the earth,… (Gen. 6, 5-6).
Clarification. This sorrow of God expresses in a human way the demand for holiness, which cannot endure sin.
-Adam and Eve committed several sins in their prevarication: pride, curiosity, gluttony, disobedience, excuse.
a) -Of pride:
The serpent replied to the woman: «You will by no means die. God knows very well that on the day you eat of it, your eyes will be opened and you will be like gods, knowing good and evil (Gen. 3, 4-5).
b) -Out of curiosity:
…your eyes will be opened and you will be like gods… (Gen. 3, 5).
c) -Of gluttony:
And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food… (Gen. 3, 6).
d) -Of disobedience:
…just as through the disobedience of one man, all were made sinners,… (Rom. 5, 19).
e) -Excuse:
The man said: “The woman whom you gave me as a companion gave me the tree and I ate” (Gen. 3, 12).
-The first man Adam lost his holiness and original justice due to the transgression of the divine precept, which had its consequences for all men and were repaired by Christ.
a) -Divine precept:
And God imposed this commandment on man: «You can eat from any tree in the garden, but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you will not eat, because in the day you eat from it, you will die without remedy (Gen. 2, 16-17).
b) -Transgression:
And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, desirable to the eye and excellent for achieving wisdom, she took some of its fruit and ate and also gave it to her husband who also ate (Gen. 3, 6).
c) -Consequences:
In fact, just as through the disobedience of one man, all were made sinners (Eph. 5, 19).
d) -Repair:
Likewise through the obedience of one (Christ), all will be made righteous (Eph. 5, 19).
-Adam and Eve were forgiven of their sin and achieved eternal salvation.
She protected the Father of the world, the first man formed by God, when he was created alone: she raised him from his fall (Wisdom 10, 1).
Clarification.”She”, that is, wisdom, and, consequently, the knowledge of man’s destinies and the means to achieve them.
2. God the Redeemer. Decree
-God decreed the redemption of men
-He promised to send the Son
-Promises the Messiah to Abraham
-He prophesied the victory of Christ
-Revealed the name of the Messiah
-God decreed the Redemption of men through Jesus Christ. Then Yahweh God said to the serpent: “…I will put enmity between you and the woman, between your offspring and her offspring: he will tread on your head while you lie in wait for his heel” (Gen. 3, 15).
-Immediately after the sin of Adam and Eve, God promised to send his only begotten Son to men to free them from the evils contracted by sin, and later confirmed this promise several times.
a) -He promised to send his only begotten Son. “I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring: he will tread on your head while you lie in wait for his heel” (Gen. 3:15).
Clarification. It is the first flash of salvation announced by God to men. “He will step on your head…” indicates the triumph of Messiah over Satan.
b) -He confirmed this promise several times.
Distill, heavens, like dew from above, pour out, clouds, the victory. Let the earth burn and produce salvation, and justice sprout together (Is. 45, 8).
My justice is imminent, near, my liberation will come like the light,… (Is. 51, 5).
Thus says Yahweh: Watch for equity and practice justice, for my salvation is yet to come and my justice is yet to be revealed (Is. 56, 1).
For, as a land causes plants to germinate and as a garden produces its seed, so the Lord Yahweh causes justice and praise to germinate in the presence of all nations (Is. 61, 11).
-God promises the Messiah to Abraham.
But behold, the word of Yahweh said to him: “This one will not inherit you, but one who will come from your loins will inherit” (Gen. 15:4).
God Abraham said: “You shall no longer call your wife Sarai Sarai, but her name will be Sarah. I will bless her, and from her I will also give you a son…” (Gen. 17, 16).
-God prophesied the final victory of Jesus Christ over Satan.
I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring: he will tread on your head while you lie in wait for his heel” (Gen. 3, 15).
Clarification. “He will step on your head”, that is, Jesus Christ will triumph over the dominion of Satan.
-God the Father revealed the true name of the Messiah.
a) -In the Jordan.
Baptized Jesus, he then came out of the water;and at this the heavens opened and he saw the Spirit of God descending in the form of a dove and coming upon him. And a voice coming from heaven said: “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased” (Mt. 3, 16).
b) -In Tabor.
He was still speaking, when a bright cloud covered them, and a voice came out of the cloud saying: “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased;listen to him” (Mt. 17, 5).
3. God’s Covenant with mankind
-God’s Covenant with Noah reaches all humanity
-That of Jesus Christ was prophesied in the Old Testament
-God’s Covenant with Noah reaches all humanity.
God said to Noah and his sons with him: “behold, I establish my covenant with you and with your future descendants, and with every living soul that accompanies you:…” (Gen. 9, 8-10).
-The New Covenant that Jesus Christ is going to seal between God and men was prophesied in the Old Testament.
Behold, the days are coming – oracle of Yahweh – when I will make a new alliance with the house of Israel (and with the house of Judah);… (Jer. 31, 31).
4. Original Sin. Consequences. Trials and temptations
-Man in this life must suffer tests from God
-And temptations that come from your nature and from the devil
-All good comes from God and all evil from sin
-Temptations never come from God
-The devil has a certain dominion over men
-God’s tests are to purify the righteous
-God allows evils so that we can be saved
-The demons ignored God’s saving plan
-They confess that Jesus Christ is God
-Man, in the current state of life, must suffer tests that come from God.
After these things it came to pass that God tempted Abraham and said to him, “Abraham, Abraham!”He answered: “Here I am.”He said to him: “Take your son, your only one whom you love, Isaac, go to the country of Moriah and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains, whatever I tell you” (Gen. 22, 1).
When you rose from the table without delay, leaving the food, to hide a corpse, I was sent to test you (Tob. 12, 13).
Crucible for silver, furnace for gold;hearts, Yahweh himself tests it (Prov. 17, 3).
…for God promised to test them and found them worthy of himself;… (Wisdom 3, 5).
-Man, in the current state of life, must suffer temptations that come from nature itself and from the devil.
a) -From nature itself.
Is not a militia what man does for the earth?(Job 7, 1).
Son, if you come to serve the Lord, prepare your soul for the test (Si. 2, 1).
…in reality, it is no longer I who works, but the sin that dwells in me (Rom. 7, 17).
Therefore, it is I myself who serve the law of God with reason, but with the flesh, the law of sin (Rom. 7, 25).
For the flesh has desires contrary to the spirit, and the spirit contrary to the flesh, so that they are antagonistic to each other, so that you do not do what you would like (Gal. 5, 17).
Where do wars and strife among you come from?Is it not your passions that fight in your members?(James 4, 1).
b) -Of the devil.
Put on the weapons of God to be able to resist the wiles of the Devil (Eph. 6, 11).
…lest the Tempter had tempted you and our work was reduced to nothing (1 Thess. 3, 5).
Be sober and watch. Your adversary, the Devil, prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour. Resist him firm in the faith,… (1 Pet. 5, 8).
Do not be afraid of what you are going to suffer: the Devil is going to put some of you in prison so that you will be tempted, and you will suffer a tribulation of ten days (Rev. 2, 10.)
-All good comes from God and all evil comes from sin.
a) -All good comes from God.
Every good gift and every perfect gift comes from above, descends from the Father of lights, in whom there is no change nor leftovers from rotations (James 1, 17).
b) -All evil comes from sin.
Because, death having come for a man,… (1 Cor. 15, 21).
Clarification. And with death all the evils that lead to it and that are derived from it.
-The temptations that man has to suffer in the current state of the present life never come from God.
Let no one, when he sees himself tempted, say: It is God who tempts me;because God is neither tempted by evil nor tempts anyone (James 1, 13).
-The Devil has a certain dominion over men because of Adam’s sin.
a) -Christ calls him “Prince of this world.”
…now the Prince of this world will be cast down (Jn. 12, 31).
b) -Saint Paul calls him “God of this world.”
…for unbelievers, whose minds the God of this world has blinded to prevent them from seeing the splendor of the Gospel shine,… (2 Cor. 4, 4).
c) -«lord of death»
…to annihilate through death the lord of death, that is, the Devil,… (Hebr. 2, 14).
-The tests that God allows are the means of purification of the righteous.
When you rose from the table without delay, leaving the food, to hide a corpse, I was sent to test you (Tb. 12, 13).
I beg the readers of this book not to be disconcerted by these misfortunes;rather think that these punishments seek not the destruction, but the education of our race;… (2 Mac. 6, 12).
That is why he never withdraws his mercy from us;When he corrects misfortune, he is not abandoning his own people (2 Mac. 6, 16).
…if it is true that our Lord who lives is momentarily irritated to punish and correct us, he will also be reconciled again to his servants (2 Mac. 7, 33).
You tested us, oh God,
You purged us, as money is purged;
you caught us online,
you put a strap on our loins,
You let someone ride at our head,
through fire and water we pass through;
but then you took us out to gain breath (Ps. 66, 10-12).
But, being punished, we are corrected by the Lord, so that we are not condemned with the world (1 Cor. 11, 32).
-God allows evils in this world so that we can be saved by his mercy on the day of universal Judgment.
But, being punished, we are corrected by the Lord, so that we are not condemned by the world (1 Cor. 11, 32).
Clarification.«Being punished“, that is to say, “doing penance».
-The powers of evil or the demons that reign in this world were unaware of God’s saving plan.
…a wisdom of God mysteries, hidden, destined by God before the ages for our glory, unknown to all princes crucified to the Lord of Glory- (1 Cor. 2, 7-8).
-The demons confess that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
And the unclean spirits, seeing him, fell at his feet and cried out: “You are the Son of God” (Mk. 3, 11).
…a man with an unclean spirit…when he saw Jesus from afar, he ran and fell down before him and shouted with a loud voice: «What have I to do with you, Jesus, Son of God Most High?(Mk. 5, 2 and 6).
5. Original sin. Internal individual consequences
-Men are born without the life of God
-The sinful condition of man is ingenuous
-Sins come from temptations, free will and the flesh
-The vileness of your body is due to its origin, its end and the miseries to which it is subject.
-Your selfishness is the root of all evil
-There is concupiscence in man
-Consequence of original sin
-There are three
-The desires of the heart tend towards evil
-Man carries within himself the inclination to sin
-Every action against the law of God springs from the internal disorders of man
-The sensitive appetite is revealed against reason
-The man feels the fight inside
-Two tendencies in man
-The sense of modesty are linked
-All men come to this world without divine life, because they lost it in the person of Adam.
For just as all die in Adam, so all will be revived in Christ (1 Cor. 15, 22).
-The sinful condition of man is ingenuous.
…the traces of the human heart are evil from childhood,… (Gen. 8, 21).
Look, I was already born in guilt,
my mother conceived me as a sinner (Ps. 51, 7).
-The sins of men come from the temptations of the devil, and also from free will and the corruption of the flesh.
Each one is tempted by his own lust that drags him down and seduces him (James 1, 14).
-Vile is the bodily condition of man, due to its origin, its temporal end and the miseries to which it is subject.
a) -By origin.
Then Yahweh God formed the man of dust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being (Gen. 2, 7).
…all have come out of the dust and all return to the dust (Qo. 3, 20.)
With the sweat of your face you will eat bread, until you return to the ground, for from it you were formed. Because you are dust and to dust you will return (Gen. 3, 19).
b) -For its temporary purpose.
Man, born of a woman, is short of days and tired of torments. Like the flower, brute and withers, and flees like the shadow without stopping. It falls apart like a worm-eaten log, like a garment that a moth gnaws (Job 14:1).
All flesh is grass and all its splendor is like a flower of the field. The flower withers, the grass withers,… (Is. 14, 1).
Why is he who is earth and ashes proud?If already in life his belly is rotten!(Si. 10, 9).
c) -For the miseries to which he is subject.
He said to the woman:
«I will make your labors as great as your pregnancies: with work you will give birth to children. Your desire will go to your husband and he will dominate you” (Gen. 3, 16).
To the man he said: “Because you have listened to your wife’s voice and eaten from the tree from which I had forbidden you to eat, cursed be the ground because of you: with toil you will draw food from it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thorns for you, and you will eat the grass of the field. With the sweat of your face you will eat bread, until you return to the ground because from it you were taken (Gen. 3, 17-19).
Clarification. This sentence affects the guilty in their essential activities, the woman as mother and wife, the man as a worker.
-The root of all evil is selfishness, which has its greatest expression in the desire for money.
Because the root of all evil is the desire for money, and some, because they were carried away by it, went astray in the faith and were tormented with many pains (1 Tim. 6, 10).
-Concupiscence exists in man.
Concupiscence is a commotion and impetus of the spirit with which the goaded man craves forbidden tastes and pleasures.
…each one is tempted by his own lust that drags him down and seduces him (James 1, 14).
But sin… aroused in me all kinds of lusts;… (Rom. 7, 8).
The rabble that had mixed with them gave in to their appetite (Num. 11, 4).
Clarification. Lust is a sin if there is full warning of the understanding and complete consent of the will.
-Man’s concupiscence and his inclination to sin are inherited consequences of original sin.
Who can say, “I have purified my heart, I am clean from my sin?”(Prov. 20, 9).
It is true that there is no righteous person on earth who does good without ever sinning (Qo. 7, 20).
Well, here I am to discuss with you what you said: “I have not sinned” (Jer. 2, 35).
But sin… aroused in me all kinds of lusts;… (Rom. 7, 8).
…but I notice another law in my members that fights against the law of my reason and enslaves me to the law of sin that is in my members (Rom. 7, 23).
…each one is tempted by his own lust, which drags him down and seduces him (James 1, 14).
Where do wars and strife among you come from?Is it not your passions that fight in your members?(James 4, 1).
If we say: “We have no sin,” we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us (1 Jn. 1, 8).
-The predominant lusts in man are three.
Concupiscence is a commotion and impetus of the spirit with which goaded men desire pleasures and tastes contrary to the Law of God.
Since everything that is in the world – the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes and the boasting of riches – does not come from the Father, but from the world (1 Jn. 2, 16).
For the flesh has desires contrary to the spirit, and the spirit contrary to the flesh, so that they are antagonistic to each other, so that you do not do what you would like (Gal. 5, 17).
You will burn the sculptures of their gods, and you will not covet the gold and silver that cover them, nor will they take it for yourself,… (Deut. 7, 25).
-The desires of man’s heart tend toward evil.
When Yahweh saw that the wickedness of man was rampant in the earth, and that all the thoughts that his heart devised were pure evil continually, it grieved Yahweh for having made man on the earth, and he became indignant in his heart (Gen. 6, 5-6).
…Yahweh said in his heart: «Never again will I curse the ground because of man, because the traces of the human heart are evil from its childhood,… (Gen. 8, 21).
-Man carries within himself the inclination to sin that is the cause of his iniquity.
Is any mortal righteous before God?
Is a man pure before his maker?(Job 4, 17).
If you don’t trust your servant members,
and even to his angels he blames madness,
How much more to those who live in these clay houses.
themselves kneeling in the dust!(Job 4, 18-19).
Job spoke up and said:
I know well, in truth it is like this:
How can a man be righteous before God?(Job 9, 2).
But who can make the pure from the impure?
None!(Job 14, 4).
How can a man be pure?
How can he who is born of a woman be righteous?
Yes, not even in his saints does God trust,
nor are the heavens pure in his eyes,
How much except an abominable and corrupt being,
man, who drinks iniquity like water!(Job 15, 14-16).
Clarification. The “Servants of God» They are the same angels. If these who are so close to God retain a radical weakness, how much more and with greater reason does the carnal and perishable man.
-Every action against the Law of God springs from the interior disorders of man’s heart.
Because from within the heart come evil intentions, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false testimonies, insults. That is what makes man impure;… (Mt. 15, 19).
-The sensitive appetite of man is revealed against reason, in the current state of nature fallen by original sin.
…for a corruptible body makes the soul heavy and this tent of earth oppresses the spirit fruitful in thoughts (Wisdom 10, 15).
…since I do not do the good that I want, but I do the evil that I do not want. And, if I do what I do not want, it is not I who acts, but the sin that dwells in me (Rom. 7, 19-20).
Clarification. Man, by original sin, was not only stripped of original justice, grace and other supernatural gifts, but, in the natural order, the understanding was obscured to understand the mysteries of God, the free will weakened, the will also weakened, the sensitive appetite unbridled towards evil, the memory spilled, the imagination restless and restless, the senses uncontrolled to achieve their ends, the generative tendency badly inclined anddeviated, that is, very different from how God created it.
-As a consequence of original sin, man feels within himself the natural struggle against the tendencies of his physiological nature.
…but I notice another law in my members that fights against the law of my reason and enslaves me to the law of sin that is in my members (Rom. 7, 23).
For the flesh has desires contrary to the spirit, and the spirit contrary to the flesh, so that they are antagonistic to each other, so that you do not do what you would like (Gal. 5, 17).
-There are two tendencies in man, one according to the inner man in accordance with the Law of God and another contrary to reason, which is the Law of sin.
I discover, therefore, this Law: in wanting to do good, it is evil that presents itself to me. For I am pleased with the Law of God according to the inner man, but I notice another law in my members that fights against the law of my reason and enslaves me to the law of sin that is in my members (Rom. 7, 21-23).
-The feeling of modesty and the sense of sin are very closely linked.
Modesty is the defense of chastity.
a) -Adam and Eve, immediately after creation,
They were both naked, the man and his wife, but they were not ashamed of each other (Gen. 2, 25).
b) -After the sin they manifest the feeling of modesty,
…they realized that they were naked;… (Gen. 3, 7).
and the sense of guilt.
Adam answered: “I heard you walking in the garden and I was afraid, because I am naked;That’s why I hid” (Gen. 3, 10).
6. Original sin. Other individual consequences
-The man exposed to the fight
-All men commit personal sins in their lives
-The work
-Natural agents can cause disease
-The death of the body
-It is better not to know the way than to retract it after knowing it.
-Man does not know the miseries of his condition
-Those who die only in original sin do not suffer the penalty of meaning in the afterlife
-Children or insane people who die without baptism suffer sadness because they lack the sight of God.
-Man lives exposed in this world to a strong fight against internal and external enemies, caused by the fault of Adam.
Put on the weapons of God to be able to resist the wiles of the Devil. Because our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the Principalities, against the Powers, against the Rulers of this dark world, against the Spirits of Evil who are in high places (Eph. 6, 11-12).
Be sober and watch. Your adversary the Devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour (1 Pet. 5, 8).
Submit yourselves, therefore, to God;Resist the Devil and he will flee from you (James 4, 7).
Clarification.«…our fight is not “so much” against flesh and blood,…»
…all of us also once lived in the midst of the lusts of our flesh, following the desires of the flesh and evil thoughts,… (Eph. 2, 3).
-All men come to commit personal sins at least once in the course of their lives.
When Yahweh saw that the wickedness of man was widespread on the earth, and that all the thoughts that his heart devised were pure evil continually, Yahweh was sorry for having made man on the earth and he became indignant in his heart (Gen. 6, 5-6).
When they sin against you, there is no man who does not sin,… (1 Reg. 8, 46).
Is any mortal righteous before God?
Is a man pure before his Maker?(Job 4, 17).
How will a man be righteous before God?
How pure is he born of a woman?(Job 25, 4).
If you take the blame into account, O Yahweh,
Who, Lord, will stand?(Ps. 130, 3).
…do not enter into judgment with your servant,
for no living being is righteous before you (Ps. 143, 2).
Who can say: “I have purified my heart,
Am I clean from my little one?(Prov. 20, 9).
It is true that there is no righteous person on earth who does good without ever sinning (Qo. 7, 20).
Do not reproach the man who turns from sin, remember that we are all guilty (Si, 8, 5).
So what?Are we ahead?No way!for we have already demonstrated that both Jews and Greeks are all under sin,… (Rom. 3, 9).
-Work is the consequence of original sin and punishment that God imposed on man.
To the man he said: “Because you listened to the woman’s voice and ate from the tree that I had forbidden you to eat, cursed be the ground for your sake you will draw food from it with fatigue all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the grass of the field. With the sweat of your face you will eat bread, until you return to the ground, for from it you were taken…” (Gen. 3, 17-18).
-Natural agents can cause the disease.
a) -Old age.
As Isaac had grown old, and was no longer coming because his eyes were weak, he called Esau… (Gen. 27, 1).
b) -The fall.
…his nurse took him and fled, but in the haste of escape, he fell and became lame.
His name was Meribbaal (2 Sam. 4, 4).
c) -Circumcision.
When all the people were finished being circumcised, they rested in the camp until they were healed (Josh. 5, 8).
-Another effect of original sin is the bodily death of all men.
Because God created man incorruptible, he made him the image of his own nature;but through envy of the devil death entered the world, and those who belong to him experience it (Wisdom 2, 23).
Therefore, as through one man sin entered the world and through sin death and thus death reached all men, because all sinned,… (Rom. 5, 12).
For the wages of sin is death,… (Rom. 6, 23).
…and sin, once consummated, engenders death (James 1, 15).
-It is better not to know the path of justice than to recant after having known it.
For it would have been better for them not to have known the way of justice than, once known, to turn back from the holy precept that was transmitted to them (2 Pet. 2, 21).
-The State of the traveling man is such that he does not know the miseries inherent to his condition, as a consequence of original sin.
Woe to those who call good, and good evil;who give darkness for light, and light for darkness;that give bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!(Is. 5, 20).
Clarification. The existence in man of a tendency to erroneously judge the goodness or malice of his own actions is clearly deduced.
-Those who die only with original sin do not suffer the penalty of meaning in the afterlife.
Every personal sin is an act of aversion to God and conversion to the creature.
a) -Act of aversion to God.
The beginning of man’s pride is to turn away from the Lord, when his heart has turned away from his Maker (Ecclesiasticus, 10, 12).
b) -Conversion to creatures.
Come then, and let us enjoy the present goods, let us enjoy the creatures with the ardor of youth (Wisdom 2, 6).
Clarification. The penalty of meaning corresponds to the excessive conversion of creatures.
In proportion to his boasting and his luxury, give him torments and tears (Rev. 18, 7).
-Children who do not have the use of reason and the insane who die without baptism are not afflicted by any sadness for lacking the vision of God.
Jesus answered: “Truly, truly, I say to you, no one who is born to us of water and the Spirit can enter the Kingdom of God” (John 3:5).
Clarification. Without being born of the Spirit, one cannot have knowledge of God, nor of the beatific vision, and no one suffers from lacking a good that is unknown to them.
7. Original sin. Universal transmission
-Transmitted to all men
-The consequences transmitted to all men
-Inherited by all men
-Inaugurates Satan’s dominion over all men
-All men sin in Adam
-The sin of Adam and Eve was transmitted to all men.
See, I was already born in guilt, my mother conceived me as a sinner (Ps. 51, 7).
Therefore, as through one man sin entered the world and through sin death and thus death reached all men, because all sinned;… (Rom. 5, 12).
Clarification. Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary are excepted, as demonstrated in their place.
-The consequences of original sin are transmitted to all men.
Therefore, as through one man sin entered the world and through sin death and thus death reached all men, because all sinned;… (Rom. 5, 12).
For the wages of sin is death;… (Rom. 6, 23).
Clarification. Along with the gift of immortality, by virtue of which, after a more or less long stay in earthly paradise, he would have been transferred to heaven without going through the anguishing trance of death, the gift of integrity was also lost, by virtue of which man possessed full control and dominion over his passions, and that of impassibility, which made him invulnerable to pain in any of its physical or moral manifestations.
-The consequences of original guilt are inherited by all men.
Therefore, as through one man sin entered the world and through sin death and thus death reached all men, because all sinned;… (Rom. 5, 12).
Clarification. Although original sin was committed personally by our first parents, we were all included in them – as the branches of the tree are included in its seed – and, in some way, we all sinned in them.
…and thus death overtook all men because all sinned;… (Rom. 5, 12).
-Original sin inaugurates Satan’s mysterious dominion over men.
Then Yahweh said to the serpent: “…I will put enmity between you and the woman, between your offspring and her offspring: he will tread on your head while you lie in wait for his heel” (Gen. 3 15).
Clarification. The Hebrew text announces a hostility between the race of the serpent and that of the woman.
-All men sinned in Adam and through his sin the sin and death of men entered the world.
Therefore, as through one man sin entered the world and through sin death and thus death reached all men, because all sinned;… (Rom. 5, 12).
In fact, just as through the disobedience of one man all were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man all will be made righteous (Rom. 5:18).
8. Original sin. Universal consequences
-Two Empires, that of Christ and that of Satan, try to defeat each other
-Causes great harm to all men
-The perversion of power in human coexistence
-The “fomes peccati”: the hardships that must be suffered and the exclusion from paradise
-The evil of men spread throughout the earth, before the flood
-Also widespread after the flood
-Great tribulations
-The tribulation of the end of the world will be the greatest
-The seduction of lust hinders the fruit of the word of God
-Perseverance in grace is difficult
-Most men do not relate to God
-Fornication was abundant in the times of the prophets
-The world immersed in evil
-Two “Empires”: That of Christ and that of Satan try to defeat each other.
a) -Two “empires.”
That union between light and darkness?
What harmony between Christ and Beliar?(2 Cor. 6, 14-15).
He freed us from the power of darkness and transferred us to the Kingdom of the Son of his love, in whom we have redemption: the forgiveness of sins (Col. 1, 12-13).
b) -They try to beat themselves.
Jesus said to the high priests…: “While I was among you every day in the Temple, you did not lay your hands on me;but this is your hour and the power of darkness” (Lk. 22, 53).
-Original sin has caused great evils to each and every man.
a) -To Eve.
To the woman he said: «I will make your labors as great as your pregnancies: with labor you will give birth to children. Your desires will go to your husband, and he will dominate you (Gen. 3, 16).
b) -To Adam.
To the man he said: «… cursed be the ground because of you: with toil you will draw food from it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the grass of the field. With the sweat of your face you will eat bread, until you return to the ground, for from it you were taken. For you are dust and to dust you will return” (Gen. 3, 17).
c) -To all men.
God saw that the evil of man was widespread on the earth, and that all the thoughts that his heart devised were pure evil continually, it grieved Yahweh for having made man on the earth, and he became indignant in his heart. And Yahweh said: “I am going to destroy man whom I have created from the surface of the ground, from man to cattle, serpents, and even the birds of the air, because I am sorry for having made them” (Gen. 6, 5-7).
So God said to Noah: “I have decided to destroy all flesh, because the earth is full of violence because of them. Therefore, behold, I am going to exterminate them from the land (Gen. 6, 13).
Yahweh appears from the heavens
towards the children of Adam,
to see if there is a sensible person,
someone who seeks God.
They are all gone astray,
en masse perverts.
There is no one who does good,
not even one (Ps. 14, 2-3).
Clarification. «Yahweh’s sorrow» expresses in a human way the demand of his holiness, which cannot bear sin.”ANDGod’s repentance» means the appeasement of his anger and the cancellation of his threat.
It may be that each one hears and turns from his evil way, and I would repent of the evil that I am thinking of doing to them because of the evil of their deeds (Jer. 26, 3).
-Original sin is the cause of the perversion of power in human coexistence.
a) -For the dominance of man over woman.
I prefer to live with a lion or dragon than to live with an evil woman (Prov. 25, 16).
Because of the woman was the beginning of sin, and because of her we all died (Prov. 25, 24).
b) -For the strong conception of paternal authority.
Do not spare the child correction, he will not die because you punish him with the rod. You will punish him with the rod and deliver his soul from Sheol (Prov. 23, 13-14).
c) -For the human institution of slavery,
Make the servant work, and you will find rest, set his hands free and he will seek freedom. Yoke and reins bend the neck, the badly raised torture and inquisitions. Command him to work so that he is not idle, since idleness taught much evil (Si. 33, 26-28).
d) -For the oppressive and alienating power of money.
The rich man wrongs and on top of that he becomes emboldened, the poor man is wronged and on top of that he has to apologize (Si. 13, 3).
e) – For political power.
In a country subject to the power of an evil man, he puts a veil on the faces of his judges: if it is not him, who can it be?(Job 9, 24).
-The effects of original sin in this life are the “Fomes peccati” and the hardships that must be suffered;and in the other the eternal exclusion from paradise.
a) -In this life:
1st -The «Fomes peccati».
Then both of their eyes were opened, and they realized that they were naked;… (Gen. 3, 7).
Clarification. It refers to the awakening of concupiscence, the first manifestation of the disorder that sin has introduced into the harmony of creation.
2nd -The penalties.
-Death.
«…from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you will not eat, because in the day you eat from it, you will die without remedy» (Gen. 2, 17).
-Pain during childbirth in women.
…with work you will bear children (Gen. 3, 16).
-The works of life.
In the sweat of your face you will eat bread,… (Gen. 3, 19).
-The pains and setbacks.
It will produce thorns and thistles for you… (Gen. 3, 18).
b) -In the afterlife:
1st -The eternal exclusion from paradise, unless the original sin has been forgiven before death.
Jesus answered: «Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the Kingdom of God (John 3, 5).
Clarification. The final fate of children who die without baptism is referred to in the “limbo” section.
-After Adam’s sin, the evil of men spread throughout the earth.
Cain said to his brother Abel: “Let’s go outside” and when they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him (Gen. 4, 8).
God looked at the earth, and behold, it was corrupt, for all flesh had a corrupt conduct upon the earth (Gen. 6:12).
Yahweh said to Noah: “Enter the ark, you and all your household, for you are the only righteous one I have seen in this generation (Gen. 7, 1).
Save, Yahweh, there are no longer faithful, the truth has fled from among men!(Ps. 12, 3).
They are all misguided, en masse perverted. There is no one who does good, not even one (Ps. 14, 3).
-After the universal flood, the evil of men once again spread throughout the earth.
That there is no loyalty in his mouth, inside, only subversion;His throat is open tomb, his tongue moves sweetly (Ps. 5, 10).
His mouth is full of fraud and perfidy, under his tongue only malice and iniquity (Ps. 10, 17).
They only speak falsehood, each one to his neighbor, lips of deceit, language of double hearts (Ps. 12, 2).
They are all gone astray, en masse perverted, there is no one who does good, not even one (Ps. 14, 3).
Their works are wicked works and violent actions are in their hands. Their feet run to evil and rush to shed innocent blood. Their wicked plans, destruction and destruction in their ways. They do not know the way of peace, and there is no justice in their steps. They twist their paths for their own benefit, none of those who pass through them know peace (Is. 59, 6-8).
-Great tribulations have arisen during the course of biblical history.
The locusts invaded the entire country of Egypt and settled throughout the Egyptian territory, in numbers as large as there had ever been such a plague of locusts before and never will have been since. They covered the entire surface of the country until the earth was dark (Ex. 10, 14-15).
Clarification. “To darken the earth” means “to devastate everything.” according to the Vulgate.
And a shout will rise throughout the entire country of Egypt as great as there ever was or ever will be (Ex. 11, 6).
Nothing similar to what he did in Jerusalem was ever done under the entire heaven, as it is written in the Law of Moses, to the point that one man ate the flesh of his own son, another the flesh of his own daughter (Bar. 2, 2-3).
With the death of Judas, the Lawless appeared throughout the territory of Israel and all those who worked iniquity raised their heads. There was then extreme hunger and the country went over to them. Bacchides chose impious men and put them in charge of the country. They began to search for Judas’ friends with all kinds of investigations and took them to Bacchides, who punished and mocked them. Israel has not suffered such a great tribulation since the times when prophets stopped appearing (1 Mac. 9, 23-27).
There were flashes of lightning, a roar of thunder and a violent earthquake, such as had not occurred since there were men on the earth,… (Rev. 16, 18).
-The tribulation that will occur at the end of the world will be the greatest of all time.
Because then there will be a tribulation as great as there has not been from the beginning of the world to the present nor will there ever be again (Mt. 24, 21).
Because in those days there will be a tribulation such as has not existed since the beginning of creation, which God made, until the present, nor will there be again (Mk. 13, 19).
-The seduction of riches and lusts and concerns about material affairs hinder the fruit of the word of God.
He who was sown among the thorns is the one who hears the Word, but the worries of the world and the seduction of riches choke the Word, and it remains fruitless (Mt. 13, 22).
And others are those sown among the thistles;They are those who hear the Word, but the worries of the world, the seduction of riches and other lusts invade them and drown the Word and it remains fruitless (Mc. 4, 18-19).
-Perseverance in the state of grace is difficult in the current state of fallen nature.
a) -Because we have this treasure in fragile vessels.
But we carry this treasure in earthen vessels… (2 Cor. 4, 7).
b) -For the actions of the Devil in the world.
Be sober and watch. Your adversary, the Devil, prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour (1 Pet. 5, 8).
c) -For the vices that surround and influence man’s behavior.
Since everything that is in the world – the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes and the boasting of riches – does not come from the Father, but from the world (1 Jn. 2, 16).
-After original sin, the vast majority of corrupt men did not relate to God.
The fool says in his heart:
“There is no God!”
Corrupted by abominable conduct,
there is no one who does good (Ps. 14, 1).
…because, having known God, they did not glorify him as God or give thanks to him, but rather they became confused in vain reasoning and their foolish hearts were darkened: boasting of being wise they became stupid (Rom. 1, 21-22).
…do not live as the Gentiles live, according to the emptiness of their mind, their thoughts submerged in darkness and excluded from the life of God due to the ignorance that is in them, due to the hardness of their head, who, having lost their moral sense, gave themselves over to debauchery, until they practiced all kinds of impurities with abandon (Eph. 4, 17-19).
And you, who were once strangers and enemies because of your thoughts and evil deeds, he has now reconciled through death in his body of flesh, to present you holy, blameless, and blameless before him (Col. 1:21-22).
-The sin of fornication was very abundant on earth in the times of the Old Testament prophets.
Because the earth is filled with fornicators.(Because of them the earth has mourned, the pastures of the steppe have dried up).
Their race has become evil and their effort not right… -oracle of Yahweh- (Jer. 23, 10).
-The world is immersed in evil.
Mundo is here the anti-Christian atmosphere that is breathed among people who live forgetful of God and devoted to the material attractions of life.
Woe to the world for scandals!It is certainly inevitable that scandals will come, but woe to that man through whom the scandal comes!(Mt. 18, 7).
Since everything that is in the world – the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes and the boasting of riches – does not come from the Father, but from the world (1 Jn. 2, 16).
We know that we belong to God and that the whole world lies in the power of the evil one (1 Jn. 5, 19).
9. Original sin. If Adam and Eve had not committed it
-They would not have experienced the disorder of concupiscence
-We would all have been born with sanctifying grace
-They wouldn’t have died
-The laws of transmitting life served the same
-They would have remained in a state of innocence and Eve would have given birth without pain
-If Adam had not sinned and Eve had, men would not have contracted original sin and if Adam had sinned and Eve had not, men would have inherited it.
-Adam and Eve would not have experienced the disorder of concupiscence, if they had not sinned.
Concupiscence is the alteration of the sensitive faculties that desire what causes them pleasure, before reason warns it, or against reason after warning it.
a) -Before the sin.
They were both naked, the man and his wife, but they were not ashamed of each other (Gen. 2, 25).
b) -After the sin.
Then both of their eyes were opened, and they realized that they were naked;and sewing fig leaves they made girdles (Gen. 3, 7).
-If Adam had not sinned, all men would have been born with sanctifying grace, free from concupiscence and death.
Therefore, as through one man sin entered the world and through sin death and thus death reached all men, because all sinned,… (Rom. 5, 12).
Because, death having come for a man,… (1 Cor. 15, 21).
-Adam would not have died if he had not sinned.
And God imposed this commandment on man: “You can eat from any garden tree, but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you will not eat, because in the day you eat from it, you will die” (Gen. 2, 16).
To the man he said: Because you have listened to your wife’s voice and eaten from the tree from which I had forbidden you to eat… with the sweat of your face you will eat bread, until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken, because you are dust and to dust you will return (Gen. 3, 17-19).
Clarification. Adam is threatened with death if he commits the sin of disobedience and once he has committed it he is assured that he will die. Therefore, death was a consequence of his sin.
-If Adam and Eve had remained in a state of innocence, the laws of the transmission of life would have been the same, but without the disorder of concupiscence.
And he blessed them and said to them: Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it (Gen. 1, 28).
Clarification. The disorder of concupiscence was a consequence of sin.
Then both of their eyes were opened, and they realized that they were naked;… (Gen. 3, 7).
-If Adam and Eve had remained in a state of innocence, Eve would have given birth to her children without pain.
To the woman he said: «I will make your labors as great as your pregnancies are: with labor you will give birth to children (Gen. 3, 16).
Clarification. It is evident that the pains of childbirth are a consequence of original sin.
-If Adam had not sinned and Eve had, the descendants would not have contracted original sin;On the contrary, if Adam had sinned and Eve had not, men would have inherited it.
Therefore, as through one man sin entered the world and death through sin… (Rom. 5, 12).
Because, since death came through a man, the resurrection also comes through a man… (1 Cor. 15, 21).
Clarification. The reason is because original sin is transmitted by generation, of which man is the active principle.
10. Venial sin
-Existence
-They are distinguished from the mortal in that they exclude from the Kingdom of God and the venial, not
-Causes some penalty of damage and meaning
-Venial sin exists
It is true that there is no righteous person on earth who does good without ever sinning (Qo. 7, 20).
forgive us our debts (Mt. 6, 12).
and forgive us our sins… (Lk. 11, 4).
…because we all fall many times (James 3, 2).
If we say “we have no sin” we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us (1 Jn. 1, 8).
-Venial sins are distinguished from mortal sins in that the latter are worthy of eternal death and exclude them from the Kingdom of God, and the former are not.
a) -They are worthy of eternal death.
…who, although aware of the verdict of God that declares those who practice such things worthy of death,… (Rom. 1, 32).
We know that we have passed from death to life, because we love our brothers. He who does not love remains in death (1 Jn. 3, 14).
b) -They exclude from the Kingdom of God.
Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the Kingdom of God?Don’t be fooled!Neither the impure, nor the idolaters, nor the adulterers, nor the effeminate, nor the homosexuals, nor the thieves, nor the covetous, nor the drunkards, nor the revilers, nor the rapacious will inherit the Kingdom of God (1 Cor. 6, 9-10).
-Every venial sin causes some penalty of damage and meaning.
a) -Causes penalty in general.
I tell you that for every idle word that men speak, they will give an account on the day of Judgment (Mt. 12, 36).
Clarification. An idle word is understood as any word that lacks usefulness or necessity without causing serious harm; therefore, it would be a simple minor sin.
b) -Cause of penalty of damage.
Nothing profane will enter it, not even those who commit abomination and lies, but only those written in the Lamb’s book of life (Rev. 21, 27).
c) -Cause of penalty of sense.
Nothing profane will enter it, not even those who commit abomination and lies, but only those written in the Lamb’s book of life (Rev. 21, 27).
Clarification. Also in venial sin there is a disordered aversion to the end and a disordered conversion to the creature. Therefore, like mortal sin, it deserves a penalty of damage and another of meaning, although very limited in duration and intensity.
11. Mortal sin
-Existence
-It is a free act, against divine law, of aversion to God, of conversion to creatures
-Various degrees of severity
-Specific diversity
-Its gravity is enormous due to the injury it inflicts on God
-For the temporary evils it causes
-For the eternal evils it deserves
-For other evils it produces
-Evil is always the effect of the sin committed
-Makes you lose your freedom
-Produces the loss of all earned merits
-He carries his sanction within himself
-Not all men sin mortally
-There are mortal sins.
…who, although aware of the verdict of God that declares those who practice such things worthy of death,… (Rom. 1, 32).
Neither the impure, nor the idolaters, nor the adulterers, nor the effeminate, nor the homosexuals, nor the thieves, nor the covetous, nor the drunkards, nor the revilers, nor the rapacious will inherit the Kingdom of God (1 Cor. 6, 9-10).
-The current serious sin is an act:
-Perfectly free,
-Against divine law
-Of aversion to God,
-And conversion to creatures.
a) -It is a perfectly free act.
In all your actions keep your end in mind and you will never commit sin (Si. 7, 36).
He was the one who in the beginning made man and left him in the hands of his own will (Si. 15, 14).
If you want, you will keep the commandments, remaining faithful is up to you (Si. 15, 15).
He has put fire and water before you, wherever you want you can take your hand (Si. 15, 16).
Before men is life and death, whatever each person prefers will be given to him (Si. 15, 17).
Do not desire a multitude of wicked children, do not rejoice in having impious children (Si. 16, 1).
Flee from sin like a snake, because if you get close it will bite you (Si. 21, 2).
…I called you and you did not answer, I spoke and you did not hear but you did what displeased me, and you chose what displeased me (Is. 65, 12).
An ox is immolated, a man is killed, a sheep is sacrificed, a dog is broken, pig’s blood is offered as an oblation, a memorial of incense is made, idols are blessed.
They themselves chose their own paths and in their abominable monsters their soul found pleasure (Is. 66, 3).
A few days later, the youngest son gathered everything and went to a distant country where he squandered his property living like a libertine (Lk. 15, 13).
And the condemnation is that the light came into the world and men loved the darkness more than the light (Jn. 3, 19).
b) -It is an act against the Law of God:
Keep my precepts and fulfill them. I am Yahweh, the one who sanctified you.
Whoever curses his father or mother will be put to death without remedy… (Lev. 20, 8).
If a man commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife, both the adulterer and the adulteress will be put to death (Lev. 20, 10).
He who sleeps with his father’s wife has discovered his father’s nakedness;both will die: their blood will fall on them (Lev. 20, 11).
If a man sleeps with his daughter-in-law, both will die (Lev. 20, 12).
If someone lies with a man, as one does with a woman, both have committed an abomination;They will die without remedy;their blood will fall on them (Lev. 20, 13).
If one takes a woman and her mother as wives, it is incest. Both he and they will be burned… (Lev. 20, 14).
He who joins with a beast will die without remedy (Lev. 20, 15).
If a woman approaches a beast to join it, you will kill the woman and the beast. They will die… (Lev. 20, 16).
If a woman approaches a beast to join it, you will kill the woman and the beast. They will die;their blood will fall on them (Lev. 20, 16).
If someone takes his sister, his father’s daughter, or his mother’s daughter as his wife, thus seeing her nakedness and her seeing his nakedness, it is an ignominy (Lev. 20, 17).
Whoever sleeps with a woman during the time of the rules, revealing her nakedness… will be exterminated from among his people (Lev. 20, 18).
Do not reveal the nakedness of your father’s sister or your mother’s sister, because you bare their own flesh;therefore they will bear their iniquity (Lev. 20, 19).
He who sleeps with his paternal uncle’s wife reveals his nakedness. They will bear their sin (Lev. 20, 20).
If a man takes his brother’s wife as his wife, it is an impure thing (Lev. 20, 21).
…for if you behave according to the truth, you will be successful in all things, like all those who do justice (Tob. 4, 6).
You rebuke the proud, the cursed who deviate from the commandments (Ps. 118, 21).
He was the one who in the beginning made man and left him in the hands of his own will (Si. 15, 14).
If you want, you will keep the commandments, remaining faithful is up to you (Si. 15, 15).
But, if you want to enter life, keep the commandments (Mt. 19, 17).
Both were righteous before God, and walked without blemish in all the commandments and precepts of the Lord (Lk. 1, 6).
He who has received my commandments and keeps them is the one who loves me (Jn. 14, 21).
Everyone who commits sin also breaks the law, since sin is a breaking of the law (1 Jn. 3, 4).
c) -It is an act of aversion to God.
They turned away from following him, they did not understand all his ways (Job 34, 27).
The beginning of man’s pride is to turn away from the Lord, when his heart has turned away from his Maker (Si. 10, 12).
The Lord overturned the thrones of princes, and set the meek in their place (Si. 10, 14).
I raised children until they became men, and they rebelled against me (Is. 1, 2).
Oh sinful people, a people blinded by guilt, seeds of evildoers, sons of perdition!They have forsaken Yahweh, they have despised the saint of Israel, they have turned their backs (Is. 1, 4).
To the Lord our God mercy and forgiveness because we have rebelled against him (Dan. 9, 9).
No one can serve two masters;for he will hate one and love the other, or else he will give himself to one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money (Mt. 6, 24).
…and freed from sin, you have become slaves of justice (Rom. 16, 18).
Because many live…as enemies of the cross of Christ, whose end is perdition… (Phil. 3, 18).
Adulterers!Do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God?(James 4, 4).
God resists the proud and gives his grace to the humble (James 4, 6).
Submit yourselves therefore to God;Resist the Devil and he will flee from you (James 4, 7).
d) -It is an act of conversion to creatures:
Come then, and let us enjoy the present goods, let us enjoy the creatures with the ardor of youth (Wisdom 2, 6).
The Lord Yahweh Sabaoth called on that day to weep and lament and to shave one’s head and to gird one’s coat, but what there was was rejoicing and joy, slaughtering oxen and slaughtering sheep, eating meat and drinking wine.
Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we will die!(Is. 22, 12).
They are voracious dogs, they do not know enough, nor do shepherds know how to understand. Each one follows his own path, each one seeks his own benefit (Is. 56, 11).
In proportion to his boasting and his luxury, give him torments and tears (Rev. 18, 7).
-There are different degrees of seriousness of mortal sins.
But they did not listen to me nor listen to me, but stiffening their necks they did worse than their fathers (Jer. 7, 26).
Anyone who is angry with his brother will be brought to justice before the court;but whoever calls his brother an imbecile will be guilty before the Sanhedrin, and whoever calls him a renegade will be guilty of the gehenna of fire (Mt. 5, 22).
Woe to you, Corazin!Woe to you, Bethsaida!because if the miracles that were done in you had been done in Tire and Sidon, they would have been converted long ago with sackcloth and ashes (Mt. 11, 21).
All sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but blasphemy against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven (Mt. 12, 31).
That servant who, knowing the will of his Lord, has not prepared anything nor has acted according to his will, will receive many lashes (Lk. 12, 47).
…therefore, he who handed me over to you has greater sin (Jn. 19, 11).
-There is a specific diversity of mortal sins.
And since they were not willing to keep the true knowledge of God, God handed them over to their reprobate mind to do what is not appropriate: full of all unrighteousness, perversity, greed, wickedness, filled with envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice, gossips, slanderers, enemies of God, revilers, haughty, boastful, clever for evil, rebellious to their parents, foolish, disloyal,loveless, merciless, who, although they know the verdict of God, who declares those who practice such things worthy of death, not only practice them, but approve of those who commit them (Rom. 1, 28-32).
Neither the impure, nor the idolaters, nor the adulterers, nor the effeminate, nor the homosexuals, nor the thieves, nor the covetous, nor the drunkards, nor the abusive, nor the rapacious will inherit the Kingdom of God. And such were some of you (1 Cor. 6, 9-11).
The works of the flesh are known: fornication, impurity, debauchery, idolatry, sorcery, hatred, discord, jealousy, wrath, strife, divisions, dissensions, envy, drunkenness, orgies and similar things, about which I warn you as I already warned you, that those who do such things will not inherit the Kingdom of God (Gal. 5, 19-21).
Fornication and all impurity or covetousness, let it not even be mentioned among you, as befits the saints (Eph. 5, 3).
For, understand that no fornicator or impure or covetous, which is being an idolater, will share in the inheritance of the Kingdom of Christ and of God (Eph. 5, 5).
-The gravity of mortal sin is enormous because of the injury it inflicts on God.
a) -God did not forgive the Angels.
For if God did not forgive the Angels who sinned, but, throwing them into the dark abysses of Tartarus, he handed them over to be guarded until the Judgment… (2 Pet. 2, 4).
b) -He did not forgive the ancient world.
…if he did not forgive the ancient world, although he preserved Noah, herald of justice, and seven others, when he caused the flood to come on a world of wicked people;… (2 Pet. 2, 5).
c) -He condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction.
…condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction, reducing them to ashes, setting them as an example for those who would live impiously in the future;… (2 Pet. 2, 6).
Clarification. The Lord knows how to guard the wicked to punish them on the day of Judgment, especially those who walk after the flesh with impure desires and despise the Lordship (2 Pet. 2, 9-10).
-The seriousness of mortal sin is enormous due to the temporary evils it causes.
a) -It was the cause of the destruction of the house of Jeroboam.
This procedure caused the house of Jeroboam to fall into sin and was the cause of its perdition and extermination from the face of the earth (1 Reg. 13, 34).
b) -Nebuchadnezzar loses his kingdom.
…the decree of the Most High that has touched my lord the king:
«You will be driven out from among men and you will dwell with the beasts of the field;You will have grass like oxen for food, and you will be bathed in the dew of heaven;seven times will pass through you, until you recognize that the Most High rules over the empire of men and that he gives it to whomever he pleases (Dan. 4, 22).
c) -Pharaoh’s army was flooded.
Thus Yahweh threw the Egyptians into the middle of the sea, because when the waters receded they covered the chariots and their people, the entire army of Pharaoh, which had entered the sea to pursue them;Not even one escaped (Ex. 14, 28).
-The seriousness of mortal sin is enormous due to the eternal evils it deserves.
a) Penalty of damage or separation from God:
Because I tell you that none of those guests will taste my supper (Lk. 14, 24).
…he who resists the Son will not see life, but the wrath of God weighs on him (Jn. 3, 36).
Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the Kingdom of God?(1 Cor. 6, 9).
b) – Penalty of meaning:
…he who resists the Son will not see life, but the wrath of God weighs on him (Jn. 3, 36).
c) – Penalty of damage and sense:
Being in Hades among torments,… (Lk. 16, 23).
…and take revenge on those who do not know God and those who do not obey the Gospel of our Lord Jesus. These will suffer the penalty of eternal ruin, separated from the presence of the Lord and the glory of his power… (2 Thes. 1, 8-9).
-Actual sin causes many other evils to men.
Nothing intact in my flesh because of your fury, nothing healthy in my bones because of my sin (Ps. 38, 4).
Has this not happened to you because you have forsaken Yahweh your God?And then, what does it matter to you to go to Egypt to drink the waters of the Nile? Or, what does it matter to you to go to Assur to drink the waters of the River?May your own harm teach you, may your apostasies teach you;recognize and see how bad and bitter it is for you to leave Yahweh your God and not tremble before me – oracle of the Lord Yahweh Sebaot – (Jer. 2, 17-19).
Then you will remember your bad conduct and your perverse actions, and you will feel disgusted with yourselves because of your faults and your abominable practices (Ez. 36, 31).
-Evil is always the effect of sin committed by man.
And Yahweh said to Moses: “When you return to Egypt, see to it that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put in your hand;I, for my part, will harden his heart, and he will not let the people go out…” (Ex. 4, 21).
Clarification. Familiar way of expressing the Hebrews, attributing to God what executed human action.
-Sin makes man lose his freedom.
Jesus answered them: “Truly, truly, I say to you, everyone who commits sin is a slave” (John 8:34).
But thank God, you, who were slaves of sin, have obeyed from the heart that model of doctrine to which you were delivered, and freed from sin, you have become slaves of justice (Rom. 6, 18).
They promise them freedom, while they are slaves to corruption, since one remains a slave to the one who conquers him (2 Pet. 2, 19).
-Mortal sin produces the loss of all the merits previously earned, destroys the peace of the soul and causes enmity with God.
a) -Produces the loss of merits.
If I say to the righteous man, “You will live,” but he, trusting in his righteousness, commits injustice, there will be no memory of all his righteousness, but he will die for the injustice he committed (Ez. 33, 13).
b) -Destroys the peace of the soul.
There is no peace for the wicked, says Yahweh (Is. 48, 22).
Evils are like a rough sea when it cannot calm down, whose waters throw up silt and mud.”There is no peace for the wicked” -says my God- (Is. 57, 20-21).
c) -Produces enmity with God.
Adulterers, do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God?Anyone, therefore, who wishes to be a friend of the world becomes an enemy of God (James 4, 4).
Do not love the world or what is in the world. If someone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him (1 Jn. 2, 15).
-Every sin already carries its fruit and its sanction in itself.
As their crazy and wicked thoughts led them astray and led them to worship reptiles without reason and despicable creatures, you sent them a multitude of animals without reason as punishment, so that they would learn that where a person sins, there he is punished (Wisdom 11, 15-16).
Therefore, you also tormented those who lived a foolish and unjust life with their same abominations (Wisdom 12, 23).
There is no one who calls on your name, no one who wakes up to cling to you. For you hid your face from us, and left us at the mercy of our sins (Is. 64, 6).
For thus says the Lord Yahweh: See, I am going to hand you over into the hands of those you hate, into the hands of those from whom you have separated yourself. They will treat you with hatred, take the fruit of your labor, and leave you completely naked. Thus the shame of your prostitutions will be revealed. Your immortality and your prostitutions are the cause of all this… (Ez. 23, 28-30).
Clarification. Any evil that exists in the world is the effect of sin committed by man.
-Not all men sin mortally.
a) -Joseph, husband of Mary.
Her husband Joseph, since he was just and did not want to expose her,… (Mt. 1, 19).
b) -Zechariah and Elizabeth.
There was…a priest named Zechariah…married to a woman…who was called Elizabeth;Both were righteous before God, and walked without blemish in all the commandments and precepts of the Lord (Lk. 1, 5-6).
12. Capital sins
-Its root is pride
-Humility deserves great awards
-Pridence deserves great punishments
-Largeness deserves great rewards
-Greed deserves great punishments
-Chastity deserves great awards
-Lust deserves great punishments
-Patience deserves great rewards
-Anger deserves great punishments
-Temperance deserves great awards
-Gluttony deserves great punishments
-The mortification of envy deserves great prizes
-Envy deserves great punishments
-Diligence deserves great rewards
-Laziness deserves great punishments
-The root of all sin is pride.
The Lord uprooted the roots of the proud, and planted the humble in their place (Si. 10, 15).
-The virtue of humility deserves great rewards.
Humility is the objective recognition of what one’s own self is.
For he who exalts himself will be humbled;and he who humbles himself will be exalted (Mt. 23, 12).
…because he has set his eyes on the humility of his slave, that is why from now on all generations will call me blessed,… (Lk. 1, 48).
…and humbled himself, obeying even unto death, even death on a cross. Therefore God exalted him and gave him the Name, which is above every name (Phil. 2, 8-9).
God resists the proud and gives his grace to the humble (James 4, 6).
-The vice of pride deserves great punishments.
Pride is an inordinate appetite for one’s own excellence. Material pride is that which places its excellence in human goods, such as property, lineage, prestige, etc. Spiritual pride is that based on spiritual goods, such as virtue, science, etc.
Yahweh abhors the haughty heart, surely he will not go unpunished (Prov. 16, 5).
The human heart is proud before ruin, before glory there is humility (Prov. 18, 12).
Afterwards they will be despicable corpses, objects of outrage among the dead forever. For the Lord will throw them headlong, without speech, he will shake them from their foundations;They will be completely devastated, immersed in pain, and their memory will be lost (Wisdom 4, 19).
For whoever binds himself will be humiliated;and he who humbles himself will be exalted (Mt. 23, 12).
For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled;and he who humbles himself will be bound (Lk. 14, 11).
-The virtue of largesse deserves great rewards.
Generosity is the virtue that regulates sharing one’s material goods with one’s neighbor.
The generous soul will be filled, and he who soaks will also be soaked (Prov. 11, 25).
If you distribute your bread to the hungry, and leave the afflicted soul satisfied, your light will shine in the darkness, and your darkness will be like noonday. Yahweh will guide you continually, he will satisfy your soul in dryness, he will give strength to your bones, and you will be like a watered garden, or like a spring whose waters never fail (Is. 58, 10-11).
Blessed are the poor in spirit, because theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven (Mt. 5, 3).
And whoever gives just a glass of fresh water to drink to one of these little ones, because he is a disciple, I assure you that he will not lose his reward (Mt. 10, 42).
Give and it will be given to you:… (Lk. 6, 38).
Because with the measure you use, it will be measured to you (Lk. 6, 38).
-The vice of greed deserves great punishments.
Greed is an inordinate greed for wealth and other temporal goods.
For understand that no fornicator or impure or covetous – which is being an idolater – will participate in the inheritance of the Kingdom of Christ and of God (Eph. 5, 5).
Because the root of all evil is the desire for money, and some, because they were carried away by it, went astray in the faith and were tormented with many pains (1 Tim. 6, 10).
-The virtue of chastity, kept for love of Jesus Christ, especially deserves the rewards of spiritual fruitfulness, a more intense joy of the vision of God in glory and other great goods in this world.
There are very clear allusions in Holy Scripture.
a) -Spiritual fertility.
Let not the eunuch say: “I am a dry tree.”For thus says Yahweh: Regarding the eunuchs who keep my Sabbaths and choose what pleases me and remain firm in my alliance, I will give them in my House and on my walls a monument and a name better than sons and daughters;I will give them an eternal name that will not be erased (Is. 56, 3-5).
b) -More intense joy in glory.
Blessed also is the eunuch who with his hands does not work iniquity nor foster evil thoughts against the Lord;For his faithfulness he will achieve a choice reward, a very pleasant inheritance in the Temple of the Lord (Wisdom 3, 14).
I will betroth you to me forever;I will betroth you to me in justice and equity, in love and compassion, I will betroth you to me in faithfulness, and you will know Yahweh (Hos. 21-22).
These are those who did not defile themselves with women, for they are virgins. These follow the Lamb wherever he goes, and have been rescued from among men as first fruits to God and to the Lamb,… (Rev. 14, 4).
Clarification.«You will know Yahweh» refers to a special knowledge and love.
c) -Goods in this world.
And everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children or property for my name will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life (Mt. 19, 29).
-The vice of lust deserves great punishments.
Lust is a disordered appetite for sensual delights, against the order established by God in them.
Don’t be fooled!Neither the impure, nor the idolaters, nor the adulterers, nor the effeminate, nor the homosexuals, nor the thieves, nor the covetous, nor the drunkards, nor the revilers, nor the rapacious will inherit the Kingdom of God (1 Cor. 6, 9-10).
For understand that no fornicator or impure or covetous – which is being an idolater – will participate in the inheritance of the Kingdom of Christ and of God.(Eph. 5, 5).
-The virtue of patience deserves great rewards.
Patience is the virtue that regulates actions and attitudes in difficult and costly trials.
…but the humble will possess the land, and will enjoy immense peace (Ps. 37, 11).
Better is the patient man than the hero, the self-possessor than the conqueror of cities (Prov. 16, 32).
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth (Mt. 5, 4).
With your perseverance you will save your souls (Lk. 21, 19).
You need patience in suffering to fulfill the will of God and thus achieve what is promised (Hebr. 10, 36).
-The vice of anger deserves great punishments.
Anger is the disordered appetite to avenge injuries.
Truly anger kills the foolish, wrath kills the fool (Job 5, 2).
An open city without a wall is the man who does not control his spirit (Prov. 25, 28).
Well, I tell you: Anyone who is angry with his brother will be held accountable before the court;… (Mt. 5, 22).
…he who calls his brother an “imbecile” will be convicted before the Sanhedrin;and whoever calls him “Renegade” will be guilty of the gehenna of fire (Mt. 5, 22).
-The virtue of temperance deserves great rewards.
Temperance is the virtue that moderates the quality and quantity of food and drink as long as it is necessary to maintain health.
There is only one allusion in the sacred texts.
You are the ones who have persevered with me in my trials;For my part, I prepare a Kingdom for you, as my Father prepared it for me, so that you may eat and drink at my table in my Kingdom… (Lk. 22, 28-30).
Clarification. Among the tests referred to, those caused by food shortages are included.
-The vice of gluttony deserves great punishments.
Gluttony is the disordered appetite for eating and drinking.
That place was called Quibrot-hat-Taava, because those greedy people were buried there (Num. 11, 34).
They ate until they were full, thus satisfying their appetite;Furthermore, they had not yet satisfied their appetite, their food was still in their mouths, when the wrath of God broke out against them: it wreaked havoc among the strongest, and struck down the flower of Israel (Ps. 78, 29-31).
With a moderate belly, healthy dreams, he gets up early and is in control of himself. Insomnia, vomiting and colic await the insatiable man (Si. 31, 30).
He was a rich man who dressed in purple and linen, and celebrated splendid festivals every day….He died…and was buried. Being in Hades between torments,… (Lk. 16, 19-23).
-The mortification of envy deserves great rewards.
The mortification of envy reaches its perfection when it becomes joy for the good of one’s neighbor.
The meek heart is the life of the body;envy is a decay of the bones (Prov. 14, 30).
A happy heart improves health;the crushed spirit dries up the bones (Prov. 17, 22).
This, then, is my joy, which has reached its fullness. He must increase and I must decrease (Jn. 3, 29-30).
-The vice of envy deserves great punishments.
Envy is the disordered sadness of our neighbor’s good, insofar as it surpasses and obscures our own.
The maneo heart is the life of the body;envy is a decay of the bones (Prov. 14, 30).
…but through the envy of the devil death entered the world, and those who belong to him experience it (Wisdom 2, 24).
-The virtue of diligence deserves great rewards.
Diligence is the disposition and habit of practicing virtue.
God loves him who gives cheerfully (2 Cor. 9, 7).
-The vice of laziness deserves great punishments.
Sloth is a disordered sadness and fastidious boredom in the practice of virtue.
From autumn onwards the lazy man does not work, he searches in the harvest, but there is nothing (Prov. 20, 4).
The desire of the lazy man leads to death, because his hands refuse to work (Prov. 21, 25).
Cursed is he who does Yahweh’s work carelessly… (Jer. 48, 10).
Now, since you are lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I am going to vomit you out of my mouth (Rev. 3, 16).
Author: Enrique Pardo Fuster
Fountain: Find.com
